Schroth (Meal, Cake) (German Schrot, the basic meaning - small pieces, scraps) - concentrated feed, a by-product of oil extraction production. Obtained after extraction of oil from oil seed plants with organic solvents in stills and evaporators. Depending on the raw materials are distinguished sunflower meal, soybean, rapeseed, mustard, castor oil, hempseed oil meal, and others - a valuable high-protein feed product.

According to the content of crude protein can distinguish two types of meal: high protein and low protein. There are two approaches to the definition of indicators such as crude protein, fiber, fat. On the territory of the former Soviet Union are still operating standards by which these indicators are defined in terms of dry matter. Laboratory of most other states define their raw material. The values ​​obtained with the two approaches differ from one another. Sometimes to indicate the energy value meal using an indicator such as «profat» (from the Eng. «Protein & fat»). It determines the total content of protein and fat, that is, the residual oil content.
100 kg of sunflower meal about 100 feed units and up to 41 kg of digestible protein (in terms of dry matter), 100 kg of cannabis meal - 82 feed units and 24.8 kg of digestible protein. Meal contains vitamins E and group B, rich in phosphorous, but poor in calcium and sodium. All Meals (Cakes) should be used in compound feeds. Flax, soy and sunflower meal especially include the feed for farm animals and birds of all kinds, hemp - for dairy cows, fattening cattle, sheep and adult fish pond, coriander and castor beans - in a limited number (because of the content of ricin) mainly for fattening cattle.
Depending on finishing meal is loose or granular (pellet obtained in order to facilitate packing, storage and transportation). If the meal was cooked, then add to it the name of the designation "toasted." For example: "Rapeseed meal toasted granular" or "non-granulated toasted Rapeseed meal."
 

Types of meal
Soybean meal. The most popular type of meal is a high-protein soybean meal. Its annual production exceeds 130 million tons. The largest producer of soybean meal are the United States. The country produces nearly a third of the world total. And in the United States, Brazil, China and Argentina account for three quarters of the annual world production. However, if the U.S. and China are mainly produced by themselves and consume meal, Brazil and Argentina are the largest exporters of it, providing two thirds of world exports, and the share of Argentina is 40%. However, a large amount of soybeans grown in Argentina are GMO. The main buyers of soybean meal are the countries of Europe and South East Asia.

Sunflower meal. Three leaders of the production is as follows - Argentina, Russia, Ukraine. Annual world production of sunflower seed meal is more than 9 million tons, of which more than 40% accounted for by the above-mentioned countries. Argentina has the undoubted leader in sales of sunflower meal, exporting about 90% of produced volumes. This represents almost 50% of world exports.
Rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal in the greatest quantity is produced by China for their own use. The annual world production of rapeseed meal - almost 20 million tons, of which China produced almost 6.5 million. But of these, only 200,000 tonnes is exported. The largest exporters - Germany and Canada. Germany is the second largest of its production and supplies 35% of world exports. Canada is among the five largest producers and its share in world exports of rapeseed meal is 20%. The main consumers of this type of meal - China, Germany, India (the country also has the ability to cover its needs its own production), as well as the United States and the European Union.